GE Vernova (GEV) Stock: 10-K Deep Dive & RPO Backlog
Analyze GE Vernova (GEV) with SEC filings: FY2024 financials, segment EBITDA (Power/Wind/Electrification), RPO backlog trends, cash flow, and 2025 guidance.
## GE Vernova (GEV) — in-depth dive using SEC financial + event disclosures
### Executive takeaway
GE Vernova is a “purpose-built” energy equipment and services company with three operating segments (Power, Wind, Electrification) and a strategy that explicitly emphasizes electrification/decarbonization, Lean productivity, disciplined underwriting (risk), and investing in technology/capacity. ["report our financial results across three business segments"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["company strategy is focused on"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
Financially, FY2024 (year ended Dec. 31, 2024) shows (i) revenue growth to ~$34.9B, (ii) a swing to positive operating income, and (iii) strong cash generation (CFO $2.6B). ["Total revenues | 34,935"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Operating income (loss) | 471"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Cash from (used for) operating activities | 2,583"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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## 1) Business model and “what matters” economically
### 1.1 Segment structure (how GEV makes money)
The company reports across **Power**, **Wind**, and **Electrification**. ["three business segments"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
- **Power**: gas/nuclear/hydro/steam equipment + large, long-duration services base (contractual service agreements are a key economic engine). ["Power segment includes"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
- **Wind**: onshore/offshore turbines + services; historically the most volatile profit contributor (loss-making at EBITDA in FY2024). ["Wind segment includes"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
- **Electrification**: grid solutions, power conversion, software, storage/solar solutions; in FY2024 it showed strong growth and margin improvement. ["Electrification segment includes"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
### 1.2 Management’s stated strategy (what they’re trying to optimize)
From the 10‑K, the strategy explicitly targets: global sustainability + customer relationships + servicing installed base + “better underwriting” (lower risk) + Lean productivity + innovation/investment. ["company strategy is focused on"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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## 2) FY2024 financials (Form 10‑K)
### 2.1 Income statement (GAAP, USD millions)
| Metric (USD mm) | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| Total revenue | 34,935 ["Total revenues | 34,935"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 33,239 ["33,239"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 29,654 ["29,654"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Gross profit | 6,085 ["Gross profit | 6,085"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 4,818 ["4,818"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 3,458 ["3,458"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Gross margin | 17.4% (computed) ["Gross profit | 6,085"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Total revenues | 34,935"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| SG&A | 4,632 ["administrative expenses | 4,632"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 4,845 ["4,845"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 5,360 ["5,360"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| R&D | 982 ["Research and development expenses | 982"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 896 ["896"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 979 ["979"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Operating income (loss) | 471 ["Operating income (loss) | 471"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (923) ["(923)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (2,881) ["(2,881)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Net income (loss) | 1,559 ["Net income (loss) | 1,559"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (474) ["(474)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (2,722) ["(2,722)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
**Interpretation (economics):** FY2024’s improvement is visible at three levels: gross profit expanded, operating income turned positive, and net income increased materially helped by **Other income (expense) – net** and improved segment results. ["Gross profit | 6,085"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Operating income (loss) | 471"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Other income (expense) – net | 1,372"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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### 2.2 Balance sheet snapshot (Dec. 31; USD millions)
| Metric (USD mm) | FY2024 | FY2023 |
|---|---:|---:|
| Cash, cash equivalents & restricted cash | 8,205 ["Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | $8,205"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 1,551 ["$1,551"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Total assets | 51,485 ["Total assets | $51,485"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 46,121 ["$46,121"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Contract liabilities & deferred income | 17,587 ["Contract liabilities and deferred income | 17,587"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 15,074 ["15,074"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Total liabilities | 40,892 ["Total liabilities | 40,892"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 37,741 ["37,741"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Total equity | 10,593 ["Total equity | 10,593"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 8,380 ["8,380"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
**What to watch:** contract liabilities/deferred income are large (customer advances, etc.) and tie directly into the company’s cash flow linearity and backlog-to-revenue conversion narrative. ["Contract liabilities and deferred income | 17,587"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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### 2.3 Cash flow (USD millions)
| Metric (USD mm) | FY2024 | FY2023 | FY2022 |
|---|---:|---:|---:|
| Cash from operations (CFO) | 2,583 ["operating activities | 2,583"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 1,186 ["1,186"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (114) ["(114)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Capex (PP&E + internal-use software) | (883) ["Additions to property, plant, and equipment"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (744) ["(744)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (513) ["(513)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Investing cash flow | (37) ["investing activities | (37)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (734) ["(734)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (322) ["(322)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
**Core point:** FY2024 CFO of $2.6B is the clearest bridge from “profitability improvements” to “real cash generation,” and it’s highly sensitive to working capital drivers like contract liabilities, receivables, inventory, and contract assets. ["Cash from (used for) operating activities | 2,583"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities and current deferred income | 2,799"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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## 3) Segment performance and backlog / RPO (Form 10‑K + 10‑Q)
### 3.1 Segment revenues and Segment EBITDA (FY2024 vs FY2023 vs FY2022)
*(This is the company’s segment profitability framework in the 10‑K; Adjusted EBITDA is also shown.)* ["SUMMARY OF REPORTABLE SEGMENTS"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
| Segment (USD mm) | Revenue FY2024 | Revenue FY2023 | Segment EBITDA FY2024 | Segment EBITDA FY2023 |
|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Power | 18,127 ["Power | $18,127"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 17,436 ["$17,436"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 2,268 ["Power | $2,268"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 1,722 ["$1,722"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Wind | 9,701 ["Wind | 9,701"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 9,826 ["9,826"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (588) ["Wind | (588)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | (1,033) ["(1,033)"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Electrification | 7,550 ["Electrification | 7,550"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 6,378 ["6,378"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 679 ["Electrification | 679"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 234 ["234"](0001996810-25-000011|0) |
| Adjusted EBITDA (non‑GAAP, total company) | 2,035 ["Adjusted EBITDA* | $2,035"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | 807 ["$807"](0001996810-25-000011|0) | — | — |
**How I read this:**
- **Power** is the anchor: large revenue base + strong EBITDA dollars.
- **Electrification** is the growth engine: strong revenue growth and sharp EBITDA improvement.
- **Wind** is the key swing factor: still negative EBITDA in FY2024, but meaningfully improved vs FY2023.
All of that is directly visible in the segment table above. ["Segment EBITDA"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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### 3.2 Backlog proxy: Remaining Performance Obligation (RPO) by segment (FY2024 year-end)
GE Vernova explicitly uses **RPO** as “a measure of backlog” in its quarterly disclosures. ["RPO, a measure of backlog"](0001996810-25-000133|0)
From the 10‑K segment disclosures (Dec. 31, 2024):
- **Power RPO:** $73.351B (Equipment $12.461B; Services $60.890B). ["Total RPO | $73,351"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
- **Wind RPO:** $22.682B (Equipment $10.720B; Services $11.962B). ["Total RPO | $22,682"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
- **Electrification RPO:** $23.453B (Equipment $20.005B; Services $3.448B). ["Total RPO | $23,453"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
**Interpretation:** the mix matters. Power’s RPO is predominantly services-heavy (long-duration visibility), while Electrification’s RPO is more equipment-heavy (project/volume driven). ["Services | 60,890"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Equipment | $20,005"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
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### 3.3 RPO trend through 2025 (10‑Q cadence)
The Q2 2025 10‑Q provides RPO at June 30, 2025: **Total RPO $128.650B** (Equipment $49.712B; Services $78.938B). ["Total RPO | $128,650"](0001996810-25-000133|0)
The Q3 2025 10‑Q provides RPO at Sept. 30, 2025: **Total RPO $135.269B** (Equipment $54.092B; Services $81.177B). ["RPO were $135,269 million"](0001996810-25-000160|0)
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## 4) Event-driven disclosures (8‑K / earnings releases): what changed and why it matters
### 4.1 Full year 2024 performance + 2025 guidance baseline (8‑K earnings release, Jan. 22, 2025)
The FY2024 earnings release highlights: revenue $34.9B, net income $1.6B, Adjusted EBITDA $2.0B, and positive free cash flow $1.7B (non‑GAAP). ["Revenue of $34.9B"](0001996810-25-000004|1) ["Net income of $1.6B"](0001996810-25-000004|1) ["Adjusted EBITDA* of $2.0B"](0001996810-25-000004|1) ["positive free cash flow* of $1.7B"](0001996810-25-000004|1)
It also reaffirmed 2025 guidance at that time (revenue $36–$37B; FCF $2.0–$2.5B; plus segment margin expectations). ["reaffirming its 2025 financial guidance"](0001996810-25-000004|1)
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### 4.2 Q3 2025 “reaffirm guidance” + major portfolio / M&A notes (8‑K earnings release, Oct. 22, 2025)
This 8‑K exhibit is dense and, strategically, contains several “what’s next” signals:
- **Orders $14.6B** and **revenue $10.0B** for Q3’25. ["Orders of $14.6B"](0001996810-25-000159|1) ["Revenue of $10.0B"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
- **Backlog growth** and **Gas Power slot reservations**: “55 to 62 GW” sequentially. ["increased from 55 to 62 gigawatts"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
- **2025 guidance reaffirmed** (revenue towards high end of $36–$37B; Adj. EBITDA margin 8–9%; FCF $3.0–$3.5B). ["reaffirming its 2025 financial guidance"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
- **Portfolio actions**: agreement to sell Proficy business; acquisition of Alteia SAS; stake monetization. ["agreement to sell its Proficy"](0001996810-25-000159|1) ["Completed the acquisition of Alteia"](0001996810-25-000159|1) ["Monetized 3% ownership stake"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
- **Big strategic M&A**: plan to acquire remaining 50% of **Prolec GE** for $5.275B, expected close by mid‑2026 (subject to approvals). ["acquire the remaining fifty percent stake of Prolec GE"](0001996810-25-000159|1) ["for $5.275 billion"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
**Why this matters:** Prolec GE (transformers/grid equipment) is tightly aligned with Electrification’s “grid buildout” demand narrative; if executed as described, it would deepen vertical integration/exposure to grid capex cycles and potentially change margin and capital intensity characteristics. ["global grid equipment leader"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
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## 5) What I’d focus on next (disclosure-driven checklist)
1. **RPO conversion + working capital**: RPO is huge; cash outcomes depend on down payments, billing/collection cadence, and inventory execution. ["RPO, a measure of backlog"](0001996810-25-000133|0) ["Increase (decrease) in contract liabilities"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
2. **Wind path to sustainable profitability**: FY2024 Wind EBITDA is still negative, though improved. ["Wind | (588)"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
3. **Electrification backlog quality**: Electrification RPO growth is large and equipment-heavy, implying project execution/working capital needs. ["Total RPO | $23,453"](0001996810-25-000011|0)
4. **Capital allocation**: the company is actively repurchasing shares and paying dividends; watch the interplay between shareholder returns and funding large transactions/capex. ["Board of Directors had authorized up to $6 billion"](0001996810-25-000011|0) ["Paid a $0.25 per share quarterly dividend"](0001996810-25-000159|1)
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### If you want an even deeper “model-style” build
Tell me whether you want the deep dive anchored to **FY2024 (10‑K)** only, or extended through **Q3’25 (10‑Q + 8‑Ks)**. I can then add: (i) a quarterly bridge table, (ii) a segment margin walk, and (iii) a backlog/RPO → revenue → cash conversion framework using the 10‑Q disclosures. ["For the three months ended September 30, 2025"](0001996810-25-000160|0) ["RPO were $135.3 billion"](0001996810-25-000160|0)
